THE EDGE WEEKLY ISSUE#997
THE WEEK OF JANUARY 13 – JANUARY 19, 2014
By: ADELINE PAUL RAJ
Bank Negara Malaysia
(BNM) is expected to issue a concept paper this month, possibly as early as
this week, on a new reference rate framework for banks in the country to price
their retail loans.
Currently, banks use the base
lending rate (BLR) as the basis to price such loans, particularly
mortgages. BNM governor Tan Sri Zeti
Akhtar Aziz, during a speech last month, said it no longer seemed relevant to
use the BLR as a reference.
“The BLR has ……. Become
less meaningful as a basis for pricing of loans, as the retail lending rates on
new loans being offered by the industry are at a substantial discount to the
BLR,” she said.
Hence, the central bank
is proposing a more relevant reference rate framework in its upcoming concept
paper, which banks a expected to examine and give their feedback on. Implementation of the new framework will
likely take place later this year, Zeti had said last month.
Bankers that The Edge
spoke to, on condition of anonymity, agree that the BLR is no longer relevant
as a reference rate.
“By definition, it’s a benchmark
base rate. This means that the bank’s lending rate to the
customer should not be lower than the BLR.
But today – and it has been the trend for some 10 years now – the
lending rate is minus-BLR. The renders
the BLR meaningless,” says one of them.
As it stands, all eight
local banking groups, from the largest to the smallest, have a BLR of
6.6%. Each bank makes known its lending
rate by stating that it is BLR minus (a certain percentage)”. For example, (Maybank)’s MaxiHome loan
financing rate stands at BLR minus 2.2%, which means the actual lending rate to
the customer is 4.4%.
The prevailing lending
rate by banks today for home loans is between 4.2% to 5%, which is way below
the BLR. The rate for automotive loans
is slightly higher, at between 5% and 6%, notes a banker. But most automotive loans tend to be pegged
to a fixed rate that banks set, rather than the floating rate.
“It also gets a bit
confusing for the customer to know what the actual lending rate is when you use
BLR as the reference. It should just be
stated outright,” notes another banker.
Banks set their respective BLR based on a formula that
takes into consideration the overnight policy rate (OPR), their cost structure –
which includes their cost of funds – and business strategies. Banks have been allowed to announce their own
BLR since April 2004.
However, banks have
tended to have a similar BLR rate in order to stay competitive.
By right, the BLR
should be different for each bank given that the costs they incur are
different. This again points to the
irrelevance of the BLR. The cost of funds for most banks
is between 3% and 4%, says a banker.
Some of the foreign banks
in Malaysia also have a BLR of 6.6%
but most have set it lower. The lowest
at the moment is 6.25%.
What then will be the
next best reference rate that the industry moves to? “The new framework will be more
related to the funding cost, especially the marginal funding cost,
which is actually how banks are pricing their loans,” Zeti told reporters last
month.
She said that the new
reference rate would have to fulfil three roles: “First, it needs to allow
banks to vary the floating costs. Second,
the reference rate need to also reflect changes in monetary policy. And third, the reference rate should be a
basis for the pricing of retail loans.”
Bankers speculate the new
reference rate could be the KLIBOR (Kuala Lumpur Interbank Offered Rate), which
would be more reflective of banks’ cost of funds.
KLIBOR is based on the
interest rate at which banks offer to lend unsecured funds to each other in the
interbank market. It defines their cost
of funds and also the interest rate for fixed deposits.
KLIBOR is determined by a
daily poll carried out on behalf of the Finance Markets Association of
Malaysia.
Using the KLIBOR as a
basis could mean that banks would state their lending rate as “KLIBOR plus (a
spread)”.
Will that mean more
expensive loans to the consumer? Bankers
don’t think so. “The absolute lending
rate will likely work out to be the same as the BLR0minus rate,” opines one
banker.
Banks in Singapore and Hong Kong , for example, adopt
their version of the KLIBOR as the basis for setting their mortgage rates. Singapore uses the SIBOR
(Singapore Interbank Offered Rate), while Hong Kong uses the HIBOR (Hong
Kong Interbank Offered Rate).
Just last month, (BNM)
came out with a risk-informed
pricing policy document, which calls for banks to price their loans
more in line with the risks they take. The
document sets out some requirements for banks to comply with by March 17. It states that the pricing of retail loans
should be based on a risk-informed approach.
“(BNM)’s rhetoric in the document
seems to suggest that it thinks banks are pricing household loans, especially
mortgages, too low ….. in the sense that they are underpricing the risks they
take. They want to see more sensible
pricing while letting the banks maintain ultimate discretion over pricing,”
observes another banker.
This comes amid on-going
moves by Malaysia to cool household debt,
which some quarters view as being worryingly high. Malaysia ’s household debt stands
at about 83% of (our GDP). E